Abstract
Osteoporosis represents a significant health concern among the elderly population globally,
including Thailand, particularly among high-risk groups with personal and behavioral factors influencing
bone mineral density (BMD). This investigation aimed to examine the associations between personal
factors, such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases, and hip bone density (BMD),
as well as to develop a predictive model for osteoporosis in individuals aged 50 years and older. This
cross-sectional descriptive study utilized medical record data from 611 patients who underwent BMD
testing (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: DXA) between 2021 and 2023. Statistical analyses, including
Pearson correlation, chi-square, multiple regression analysis, and multiple logistic regression, were
employed to examine associations. Logistic regression was utilized to predict osteoporosis risk. Significant
factors associated with osteoporosis were identified, including female gender (OR = 5.605, 95% CI:
3.22–9.75, p < 0.001), advanced age (71–80 years: OR = 7.867, 95% CI: 3.95–15.67, p < 0.001; > 80 years:
OR = 8.604, 95% CI: 3.69–20.08, p < 0.001), lower BMI (OR = 4.680, 95% CI: 1.86–11.77, p = 0.001),
smoking (OR = 4.202, 95% CI: 1.17–15.13, p = 0.028), alcohol drinking (OR = 3.593, 95% CI: 1.48–8.70, p
= 0.005), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 7.046, 95% CI: 1.72–28.87, p = 0.007). Multiple logistic
regression suggested the optimal model fit for osteoporosis and osteopenia: OST = −2.989 + 1.688
(Gender) + 1.920 (CKD) + 1.515 (Smoking) + 1.331 (Drinking) − 0.192 (BMI). Individuals exhibiting these risk
factors demonstrated a 28.9% probability of developing osteoporosis. The prevention of osteoporosis
remains a challenge within Thailand’s healthcare system, particularly among the expanding elderly
population. This study elucidates the significant associations of personal factors–such as gender, age,
BMI, CKD, smoking, and alcohol consumption–with osteoporosis. The developed predictive equation can
inform risk screening tools to support clinical decision-making and early prevention strategies. The
integration of BMD screening into primary healthcare systems could effectively reduce osteoporosis
incidence among high-risk groups.
