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Active surveillance of novel human betacoronavirus in bats

สุภาภรณ์ วัชรพฤษาดี;
Date: 2559-05
Abstract
Bats are natural reservoirs of Coronaviruses (CoV), which includes the genera Alphacoronavirus (alphaCoV) and Betacoronavirus (betaCoV). Bat CoVs are also closely related to human pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Thailand has previously detected viruses in the same lineage as SARS-CoV, in the Hipposiderous larvatus, and MERS-CoV from unidentified bat guano. Thailand houses 139 different bat species, including Tylonycteris spp., Pipistrellus spp. and Taphozous spp. These species have been reported to carry MERS-CoV in other countries. It is thus important to conduct a study to monitor these bat species and identify the viruses they harbor. Specimens from 645 bats, 33 species, were collected between 2011 and 2015, from 10 provinces (13 locations). Rectal swabs from these bats were analyzed using PCR, specifically for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Fifty seven (8.8%) of the samples were positive for CoV; alphaCoV (19/57) and betaCoV (36/57). Two bats were found to be coinfected with viruses of 2 different genera. Eight samples were positive for MERS-CoV lineage, which is classified under betaCoV lineage C. Two of these samples were from Tylonycteris robustula, the same bat species previously reported to harbor the virus in China. Six samples were found in the Chaerephon plicata, which has never been known to harbor CoV. Two samples from Rhinolophus malayanus were also positive for SARS-CoV lineage, also previously reported in China from the same bat genus. Detection of viruses in the same lineage of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV in Thai bats indicates the need for vigilant zoonotic disease surveillance to monitor virus jump species to new hosts that may cause severe disease in humans or other animals, in addition to the measures in place to contain disease outbreak. Thailand’s preparedness and prompt diagnosis of the two imported (from Oman) MERS cases, whose genetic analyses from whole genome sequencing revealed to be the same strain as the outbreak in South Korea, prevented an outbreak in Thailand. Early detection for cause of disease in patient and pre-identification of new pathogens from natural reservoirs that can potentially case disease in humans can reduce the scale and severity of next outbreak.
Copyright ผลงานวิชาการเหล่านี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของสถาบันวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข หากมีการนำไปใช้อ้างอิง โปรดอ้างถึงสถาบันวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข ในฐานะเจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์ตามพระราชบัญญัติสงวนลิขสิทธิ์สำหรับการนำงานวิจัยไปใช้ประโยชน์ในเชิงพาณิชย์
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