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Policy Analysis for Response to and Preparedness for an Avian Influenza Pandemic and/or Influenza in Thailand

เพชรรัตน์ พงษ์เจริญสุข; ฉันทนา ผดุงทศ; พรพิศ ศิลขวุธท์; Petcharat Pongcharoensuk; Chantana Padungtod; Pornpit Silkavute;
Date: 2554-09
Abstract
Since 2005, a national strategic plan aimed at controling and preventing a future avian influenza (AI) pandemic and/or outbreak of influenza in Thailand was established as a policy measure to tackle these public health threats. The objective of this paper is to study the formulation process of two policy measures for AI: vaccination of poultry and stockpiling of antiviral drugs for humans. We used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews of 38 key stakeholders from many organizations. In addition, a literature review was carried out along with the interviews. After collecting data from the literature and the in-depth interviews, we analyzed the emerging themes relevant to the policy formulation process in Thailand. We found that policy formulation concerning poultry vaccination is a very complex and politically driven process since many stakeholders are involved with different special interests and powerful influences. Small-scale poultry producers representing rural people are the ones who would rather use vaccine, because non-vaccine measures, such as culling or using bio-security buildins and measures, are against their rural culture. However, the majority of key stakeholders were against the use of poultry vaccine. There are four major reasons: (a) evidence of vaccine effectiveness is not convincing and thus a public health threat remains possible; (b) the government has confidence in the infrastructure needed to fight AI outbreaks with non-vaccine measures; (c) the management system of vaccination (acquisition of goodquality vaccine, finance, logistics, monitoring and exit program) is not fully effective; and (d) the government implicitly wants to protect the poultry export industry. Thus, the government decided not to use poultry vaccine. Contrary to the poultry vaccine policy, building stockpiles of antiviral drugs for use in humans is determined primarily by experts at the Ministry of Public Health, following World Health Organization guidelines, but under budget constraints. Other factors relevant to policy analysis are: government leadership, budget constraints, animal and human health co-ordination, scientific evidence and risk communication for the public.
Copyright ผลงานวิชาการเหล่านี้เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของสถาบันวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข หากมีการนำไปใช้อ้างอิง โปรดอ้างถึงสถาบันวิจัยระบบสาธารณสุข ในฐานะเจ้าของลิขสิทธิ์ตามพระราชบัญญัติสงวนลิขสิทธิ์สำหรับการนำงานวิจัยไปใช้ประโยชน์ในเชิงพาณิชย์
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