Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. The prevalence of OSA was 15.4 in males and 6.3 in females in Thai population. OSA increased risk of car incidence and cardiovascular diseases and reduced quality of life. Level 1 polysomnography (PSG) was a precision method of OSA diagnosis. To grade the severity of sleep apnea, the number of events per hour was reported as the apneahypopnea index (AHI). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was the most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in patients who do not need surgery. In Thailand, PSG and CPAP were expensive and only reimbursed through the Civil Servant Medical Benefit scheme (CSMBS). Objective: To evaluate the cost-utility analysis and budget impact analysis of OSA diagnosis and treatment by PSG and CPAP compared to standard care. Method: Decision tree model and Markov model were used to estimate total costs, life years (LYs) and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in societal perspective and governmental perspective. Relevant costs were direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs. Health outcomes were LYs gained and QALYs gained. The results were presented the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of PSG diagnosis and CPAP treatment compared to standard care. Uncertainty analysis was conducted by one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: Full-night PSG and Split night PSA and CPAP treatment were cost-effective in Thai context at 160,000 Baht per QALY compared to standard care. The ICERs of moderate to severe OSA and only severe OSA patients were 86,635 – 90,014 Baht per QALY for Full-night PSG and CPAP treatment and 85,733 - 88,877 for Split-night PSG and CPAP treatment. If the capacity of PSG diagnosis increased 30% per year, the 5 years budget impact of Full-night PSG and Split-night PSG were 2,204 – 3,730 million Baht and 2,084 – 3,631 million Baht respectively.
