Abstract
Implementation of a policy needs different knowledge from that for formulating or adjusting one. Implementation Research (IR) aims to develop strategies to bring policy into effects and achieve successful results as stated in policy. This study used scoping review method to gather knowledge regarding theories and concepts of implementation research. Although IR has been conducted for some times, the attempts still are unsystematic, scattered and unstandardized. The report addressed 6 theories and conceptual frameworks from which a research can utilize more than one. IR can be conducted at pre-, during- or post-implementation using quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. Context plays an important role in implementation. Therefore a successful implementation in one context cannot guarantee another success in others. To implement a policy, an implementer or a policy maker needs to consider a variety of implementation strategies and balance between policy adaptability and policy fidelity. Health care workers should be allowed to be involved in designing implementation strategies to enhance effective policy implementation process. Policy maker should pay more attention to establish standardized and longitudinal study of implementation research to achieve information regarding implementation of a policy as inputs to contribute with a policy process especially a policy formulation or a policy adaptation.
