Abstract
Currently, there are no epidemiological studies in Thailand on diabetes diagnosed before the age of 30. Long-term studies in Thai children and adolescents have been published periodically less 5 years ago. Recent evidence has shown that the ratio of type 2 diabetes in Thai children has increased as well as type 1 diabetes. The etiology and clinical features of diabetes in children and adolescents have tendency to change according to environmental factors and lifestyles. The study of diabetes diagnosed under 30 years old, The project was to collect baseline patient data for registration of diabetic patients admitted to network hospitals across the country. Basic data from the patients were analyzed. Autoantibodies against three islets antigens, GAD65, IA2 and ZnT8 were measured in the laboratory to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes. To examine the molecular genetics of diabetic patients diagnosed before the age of 30. This study was conducted in patients who were clinically compatible with NDM and MODY. The subject who had negative autoantibodies will be used to study the variation of diabetic genes by whole exome sequencing. Data on the number of people with diabetes diagnosed before the age of 30 in Thailand were collected from 31 network hospitals nationwide. Sample specimens were obtained from 750 diabetic patients diagnosed before the age of 30 years. 448 cases of type 1 diabetes (59.7%), type 2 diabetes 156 (20.8%), 43 cases of MODY diabetes (5.7%) A study of autoantibodies against three antigens islets GAD65, IA2 and ZnT8 found that patients with type 1 diabetes were positive 61.3 %. Of the 316 patients with type 1 diabetes, GAD antibody positive 52.2%, IA2 antibody positive 34.8%, and ZnT8 antibody positive 28.7%. Fourty-four patients clinically compatible with MODY subtype, in which diabetes is a dominant familial trait and no islets autoantibodies. Based on exome sequencing analysis, gene variations associated with diabetes were reported in 15 cases, while the other 29 patients with MODY had no previously reported pathogenic genes (MODY-X). This study, systematic nationwide, is a preclinical and scientific study that directly contributes to Thailand's cognition related to diagnosed diabetes under 30 years of age in Thailand. It can be used as an empirical reference and may lead to the formulation of appropriate public health policies related to diagnosis. Treatment and prevention of diabetes in young people in Thailand as well.
